Melanoma and non-melanoma are the two main categories of skin cancer. They differ primarily in the type of skin cells where they originate.
Melanoma skin cancer
Malignant melanoma is a cancer that usually starts in the skin, either in a mole or in normal looking skin, and if not treated early, it is potentially the most serious. Melanoma develops when the pigment cells of the skin (melanocytes) grow in an uncontrolled way.
The first sign of a melanoma is often a change in the shape, size or colour of a previous mole, or a new darker area of skin. If you are concerned about change in an existing mole, or the appearance of a new mole, you should attend your GP who can refer you to a specialist if necessary. If a melanoma is detected early, it can be removed before it spreads deeper into the skin or other parts of the body.
Read about the Signs and symptoms of melanoma.
Non-melanoma skin cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancer encompasses various types, with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most common.
- Basal cell carcinoma is a cancer that arises in cells found in the base of the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), and is sometimes referred to as a rodent ulcer. It is the most common type of skin cancer diagnosed in Northern Ireland and globally. It is most often found on areas exposed to the sun such as the head and neck.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer of the cells (called keratinocytes) found in the outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis). It is the second most common type of skin cancer in the UK. It is also most commonly found on areas exposed to the sun such as the head, neck, ears and hands. This type of cancer has a small risk of spreading to other parts of the body.
Read about skin cancer symptoms.
It is important to recognise what is normal for you and if you notice any abnormal changes in your skin or moles you should seek advice from your GP as soon as possible. It might be helpful to take a photograph of anything unusual on your skin so you can monitor any changes over time.